4个番荔枝品种比较试验

研究了4个番荔枝品种的植物学特性及果实的外观性状和内在品质性状,结果表明:AP番荔枝植株生长健壮,果皮表面平滑、鳞目连成一片,果肉风味香甜、微酸可口,果实维生素C、可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均较高,且种子少、可食率高,是一个值得大面积推广的优良番荔枝品种.     

内科疑难病的中医临床思维特点与辨治方法探讨

内科疑难病的病机特点是病邪胶着、病性错杂、病位深痼、病势峻厉或淹缠;临床上应坚持辨病论治与辨证论治相结合,把握病机特点,尝试多种方法;突破君臣佐使观念,突破配伍禁忌,突破方剂大小;不避毒性药物,不避超大剂量,不避非常规用法。目前疑难病治疗一般责之风、气、痰、瘀、毒、虚等因素,但是总结临床经验,实事求是,必须突破一切疑难病治风、治气、治痰、治瘀、治毒、治虚等思维禁锢,避免坠入一法一方“包治百病”的思维误区。     

Confirmation of hybrid origin in Arisaema (Araceae) using molecular markers

A population of hybrids between Arisaema triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii and A. dracontium was investigated using molecular markers to document the hybrid origin. Total genomic DNA was extracted from A. triphyllum, A. dracontium, and the hybrids, and subjected to sequence analysis of various regions of intergenic spacer and genes of chloroplast or intergenic spacer and genes of nuclear ribosome for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Clustering was performed using the unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) tested by bootstrap (BS). Hybrid origin could not be easily confirmed in some regions. However, dendrograms constructed with a combined sequence analysis of A. triphyllum 26S ribosomal RNA gene [sequence identification (SI) 467] plus A. tortuosum phytochrome C-like (phyC) gene (SI 468) were very similar to dendrograms constructed from sequences of all regions. This suggests that selecting SI 467 and SI 468 would be practical to identify hybrid origins involving two parental species. Clustering of hybrids together with the female parent in most target regions suggests that, in Arisaema, cpDNA is considered maternally inherited.     

内循环(IC)厌氧反应器设计计算方法的探讨

文章论述了内循环(IC)厌氧反应器的设计计算方法,在对IC反应器水力特性分析的基础上,对有人提出计算升流管内液体升流速度的关系式进行了修正,并提供了有用的设计计算参数,最后,详细地提供了设计计算实例.     

日粮内添加盐穗木对卡拉库尔羊瘤胃内环境的影响

采用自身对照法试验设计,将9只健康的卡拉库尔公羊分为3组,即对照组、试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ,研究在日粮中添加盐穗木对卡拉库尔羊瘤胃内环境的影响,结果显示:日粮中添加100 g盐穗木有降低卡拉库尔羊瘤胃液pH值和氨氮(NH3-N)含量的趋势,但盐穗木添加量为200 g时会提高瘤胃液pH值;添加100 g盐穗木可提高瘤胃中菌体蛋白含量,添加量为200 g时会降低菌体蛋白含量;日粮中添加盐穗木对卡拉库尔羊瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量无影响,有增大乙酸/丙酸比的趋势。     

微生物叶面肥改善龙冈茌梨果实品质的研究

以10 a生龙冈茌梨为材料,研究了不同浓度的微生物叶面肥在其不同发育时期喷施处理对其外观品质和内在品质的影响.结果表明:微生物叶面肥能显著地提高龙冈茌梨的单果重,减小果皮厚度;但是低浓度处理对其果皮色泽和光洁度、果锈数量以及口感的改善效果不明显,只有在高浓度时才稍有改善.微生物叶面肥能显著提高龙冈茌梨果实的可溶性总糖含量以及可溶性固形物含量,能显著地降低龙冈茌梨果实的可滴定酸含量和石细胞含量,但是对果实硬度的改善并不明显.综合不同浓度微生物叶面肥对龙冈茌梨果实外观品质和内在品质的影响,认为较高浓度有助于提高龙冈茌梨的品质,以1∶600处理的效果最好.     

草莓褐色轮斑病病原鉴定及室内药效研究*

草莓褐色轮斑病近年越来越严重,尤其在草莓育苗阶段。从草莓发病叶片、匍匐茎上分离得到病原菌,对病原菌进行形态特征观察、生物学特性研究、ITS序列分析以及室内药效试验。结果表明：该病原菌为Sphaeronaemella fragariae。该菌菌丝生长最适温度范围是25～28 ℃;适宜pH为6;在供试的几种碳、氮源中,最适的碳源是蔗糖,最适的氮源是酵母浸出液。在供试的9种药剂中,以咪鲜胺1 000倍液对病菌的抑制作用最好。     

基于农户分化的村域居民点用地特征分析

从地块尺度探讨农户分化背景下的农户层面居民点用地演变特征及其趋势,为构建农村居民点用地分类调控方向与模式提供依据。以重庆市潼南县崇龛镇古泥村为典型案例,从农户家庭收入、就业职业、就业地点3个方面对农户分化类型进行界定基础上,解析农户地块尺度居民点用地规模、形态、内部功能结构等方面的分异特征。结果表明,农户地块尺度居民点用地规模存在"农业种养殖主导生计类型"农户户均面积最大,"既离土又离乡式非农主导生计类型"农户人均用地面积最大,"离土不离乡式非农主导生计类型"农户户均用地面积和人均用地面积均最小;非农型、农业型农户地块尺度居民点用地斑块空间形态最复杂,就地非农型和农业主导型农户居民点用地斑块空间形态较为简单,且趋于规整的方形;就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋形态更为紧凑和集约,农业型农户房屋形态更为松散和粗放;就地非农主导型、农业主导型农户房屋结构以砖混结构为主,非农型农户土木结构所占比例最大;农户分化对其居民点生产功能占地比例影响不大,农户非农化对其居民点居住功能影响较为显著,即农户非农化程度越高,其居民点居住功能越强;农户层面上居民点服务功能比例偏大是造成户均用地偏大和集约利用水平低下的重要因素,也是未来管制户均用地规模的重要突破口。     

鸡蛋内部品质的光特性无损检测

无损检测鸡蛋内部品质是鸡蛋流通、加工中不可缺少的组成部分。为了提高鸡蛋内部品质光特性无损检测的精度,建立了鸡蛋的光学模型,找出了整蛋、内容物、蛋壳三者透射特性之间的关系。通过试验研究,得到了鸡蛋内部品质指标(哈氏单位)与整蛋透射率、蛋壳颜色、鸡蛋几何参数之间的相关关系。并对光特性无损检测的分级精度作了初步分析。     

Species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two mountain meadows with differing management types and levels of plant biodiversity

Species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was analysed in two differently managed mountain grasslands in Thuringia (Germany). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were studied in the roots of 18 dominant plant species from a total of 56 (32%). Additionally, spores of AMF were isolated from soil samples. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species composition was analysed based on 96 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, 72 originated from mycorrhizal roots, and 24 originated from AMF spores. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a total of 19 AMF species representing all genera of the Glomeromycota except Scutellospora and Pacispora. Despite a different farming intensity, resulting in remarkable differences concerning their plant species diversity (27 against 43 plant species), the diversity of AMF was found to be similar with 11 species on the intensively farmed meadow and ten species on the extensively farmed one. Nevertheless, species composition between both sites was clearly different. It thus seems likely that the AMF species composition, but not necessarily the species number, is related to above ground plant biodiversity in the system under study.